粮食品质测报工作问题的几点思考

粮食品质测报工作对引导粮食种植,指导农民选择优良品种,促进农民增产增收具有重要意义。该工作可保证粮食质量及品质稳定,为粮食生产和加工服务,为各级政府掌握粮食质量信息、制定宏观政策提供重要依据,为粮食企业收购储存销售等经营活动的决策提供质量信息。本文分析粮食品质测报工作存在的问题,提出提高粮食测报工作水平的对策,以为粮食品质测报工作提供参考。     

基于库存调剂的易逝品供应链合作利益分配问题探讨

本文将解决多人合作博弈问题的Shapley值方法用于解决两级易逝品供应链合作利益分配问题。考虑由一个供应商和两个零售商所组成的两级供应链模型,零售商与供应商不合作时,零售商根据供应商的批发价确定订货量,合作时共同决定库存,零售商之间的合作为共同决定订货量且通过库存调剂(转运)共享库存,三方合作可获最大利益,采用Shapley值法可合理分配合作利益,从而使合作更稳定。     

公平偏好在劳动契约中的作用探讨

劳动契约是典型的不完全契约,一般认为自利的工人仅仅只会做出最低程度的努力水平,而近年来的实验与行为经济学发现工人的选择并不完全符合自利的假设,工人的努力程度还会受到其公平偏好的影响,由于工人的选择直接影响到企业的获利状况,故企业在制定工资水平时应该考虑工人对公平的诉求。     

河南省粮田人口承载力影响因素的实证分析

对土地人口承载力理论的国内外研究现状进行了综述;结合前人的研究成果,选取相应指标,在协整分析的基础上,运用多元线性回归方法对河南省粮田人口承载力的影响因素进行了实证分析。结果显示:人口因素、农业劳动力生产技术水平因素和土地因素与粮田人口承载力正相关,其中人口因素的影响最大;粮食需求因素与粮田人口承载力负相关。最后提出提高河南省粮田人口承载力的政策建议。     

An empirical investigation into the gravitation and convergence of industry return rates in OECD countries

Tests are offered for the hypotheses that sectoral average profit rates and incremental return rates are gravitating around or converging towards a common value. We study data for various OECD countries relying on an econometric method able to account for residual autocorrelation and cross‐sector correlation. Our null hypotheses receive only a mixed empirical support. This is interpreted as the result of various kinds of limitations to capital mobility. Policy implications are discussed.     

江苏粮食生产地域分化的耕地因素分解

以粮食产量计算模型为基础,将粮食生产分解成耕地利用的数量、结构、强度、广度4个因子.以江苏省为例,从省域-分区域-地市等不同空间尺度,分析粮食生产的耕地因子过程,比较各地粮食生产变化的差异及其耕地利用变化的成因.结果显示:1990年代中期以来,江苏粮食生产区域分化显著,南部耕地大幅减少、有限耕地的生产功能减退,导致粮食生产全面萎缩;中北部耕地利用集约度提升,粮食生产功能总体趋于强化.影响各地市粮食生产变化的主导因子各有不同:粮食单产是连云港、盐城、宿迁、扬州、泰州5市粮食增产的主导因子,结构调整是南京、徐州、南通粮食减产、淮安粮食增产的主导因素;复种指数调减是苏州、无锡粮食生产衰退的首要因子.     

Viewing Tax Policy Through Party‐Colored Glasses: What German Politicians Believe

Abstract. The process of globalization has an important impact on national tax policies. Most of the literature does not focus directly on the political decision‐making process and assumes that the desired tax policy is responding to objective underlying tradeoffs. Based on an original survey of members of the German national parliament (Bundestag) in 2006/07, we document a strong ideological bias among policy‐makers with respect to the perceived mobility of international tax bases (real capital and paper profits). Ideology also influences, directly and indirectly, the perceived national autonomy in tax setting and preferences for a European Union minimum tax for companies. There seems little consensus as to what the efficiency costs of capital taxation in open economies are, even though our survey falls in a period of extensive debate about, and actual adoption of, a company tax reform bill in Germany.     

THE IMPACT OF GREATER AUTONOMY ON EFFICIENCY OF WORK AND QUALITY OF SERVICES IN PUBLIC SERVICE PROVIDERS: A CASE OF VOCATIONAL EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS

ABSTRACT: The paper analyses impact of greater autonomy on efficiency of work and quality of services in public service institutions. Autonomy is one of the key principles of New Public Management that, according to the theory, increases performance in public service providers. However this assumption has been scarcely researched in practice. To narrow this gap, the experimental reform that implemented greater managerial and financial autonomy in 13 Lithuanian state vocational schools was chosen for research. In order to analyse the impact of autonomy after the reform, maximally similar institutions (those that underwent the reform and that did not) are compared using quantitative (incl. counterfactual analysis) and qualitative methods. The results indicate that institutions that have been reformed tend to have better efficiency and quality of services, even though this relationship is not causal. Moreover, the research challenges the notion that such results came from greater autonomy. Finally, the logic of the NPM of as to why more autonomous institutions perform better is also challenged.